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Impact Of Nutrition Education On Knowledge About Osteoporosis Among Women

by Aroob Hussain (2012-VA-399) | Ms. Tahreem Hussain | Dr. Sana Ullah Iqbal | Dr. Mamoona Chaudhary.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Osteoporosis is a serious public health problem. It leads to compromised bone health and quality of life deteriorates. As there is no cure to it, it is important to prevent it. The peak bone mass can be achieved prior to the age of 30. Therefore, prevention is most effective if done in childhood and adolescent. About 9.9 million people in Pakistan have osteoporosis of which 7.2 million are women. The occurrence of Pakistan is expected to rise in the coming years with an estimated prevalence of 11.3 million in 2020, and 12.9 million in 2050. Therefore, the high prevalence of osteoporosis in Pakistan is of public health concern. The nutrition knowledge about osteoporosis in women was improved after nutrition education. The study design was randomized pretest posttest control group design. A sample of 150 females aged between 16 - 30 years visiting Pakistan Society for the Rehabilitation and Disabled were selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected through closed ended questionnaire. Sample was divided into two equal groups; Control Group and Experimental Group. Both groups were pretested. The baseline knowledge of both the groups was assessed using a 27-item questionnaire. After pretesting nutrition education was imparted to the experimental group through various materials. Nutrition education was given once a week for 2 months (8 weeks). Each education session was of 30 minutes approximately. The educational tools used were handouts for participants and multimedia power point presentations. After 2 months, both control and experimental group were post-tested to assess the effectiveness of nutrition education. The data analysis was done using SPSS v.20 software. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used and qualitative data was presented in the form of descriptive statistics. Analysis of data was carried out by making tables and clustered bar charts. The study concluded that intervention (nutrition education) is effective on improving the knowledge and attitudes about Osteoporosis among females aged 16-30 years. The findings are in conformity with studies from Pakistan and abroad. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2583-T] (1).

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Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude And Food Handling Practices Of Household Women In Lahore

by Raana Khokhar (2014-VA-232) | Dr. Naureen Naeem | Dr. Sana Ullah Iqbal | Dr. Mamoona Chaudhary.

Material type: book Book Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Considerable proportions of foodborne illnesses arise from mal practices in domestic kitchens. Such as serving contaminated raw food, insufficient cooking, re-heating of leftovers, and poor hygiene practices. There are no food safety regulations for domestic kitchens hence, household women as primary food preparers are to ensure food safety hygiene practices at home. The present study was an attempt to assess food safety KAP of Household Women in Lahore to understand its status in households, as there is no previous study in this field in Pakistan. A sample of 1000 household women from 10 Towns of Lahore was collected. Simple Random Sampling was used to select Union Councils within Towns and Convenient Sampling for selection of Household Women. A KAP survey study was conducted using a closed-ended questionnaire to assess status of Food Safety awareness among Household Women. A variable file was created on SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate mean and percentages of responses and overall KAP mean percentage scores. Chi-Square test was used to study significant association between KAP scores and education levels, and also to study association between knowledge & attitude, knowledge & practice and attitude & practice. Mean & standard deviation scores for overall knowledge of household women was 34.24 ± 4.210 which showed negative food safety knowledge among majority of the household women. Overall attitude was 32.47 ± 3.141 which showed negative attitude among majority of the household women in Lahore towards food safety awareness and overall practice was 26.60 ± 3.977 which showed unhygienic food handling practices among majority of the household women. Significant difference was observed between education and KAP scores & attitude and practice of household women. Data obtained served as baseline knowledge and information for emphasis on continuous improvement on the knowledge of household women. Household food preparers probably have misinformation or misunderstandings about food safety and are certainly engaged in culturally focused stereotypical food handling practices. Food preparers at domestic level need to realize that their current food safety practices jeopardize the health of their household members as well as the community. The inclination to alter behavior was certainly influenced by their attitude as per the results of this study. Henceforth, household women should commit and expose themselves to attaining the prerequisite knowledge and sources of information needed in reducing the probability of potential risks that will eventually lead to progressive food safety culture development in Pakistan. It is thus concluded that there is a need for surveillance and interventions at domestic level with professional assistance for household women regarding food safety issues and its awareness in the state. Food safety educational programs through formal and informal education and mass media must be advertised and repeated at specific intervals for consumers at all ages. Health & educational institutions can communicate and provide short training courses to consumers of all ages, especially beginning at school since education has a bigger impact on food safety KAP in the current study.Union council wise educational intervention programs/trainings can be introduced. They need to be informed about the basic principles of food safety at home such as using the Five Keys to Safer Food Manual as food safety starts and ends with frequent behaviors of consumers.Efforts in making flyers and other advertising materials at market level is advised such as pictorial flyers. This study concludes that there is a need for additional research for the possible risks household women at home could pose to human health in regards to food safety, since it is widely acceptable that household women as the primary food preparers at home are the ultimate route of protection against foodborne illness and thus in ensuring food safety at home. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2572-T] (1).

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Kap Survey Of Foodborne Illness In Lahore City

by Amna Javed (2010-VA-351) | Dr. Azmat Ullah Khan | Dr. Sana Ullah Iqbal | Dr. Mamoona Chaudhary.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Occurrence of many food pathogens in variety of foods is conventional in Pakistan. Accurate estimation of foodborne illness in Pakistan is difficult to make because of lack of people knowledge, monitoring system, infection control and surveillance. The present study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, practices and perception of general public about food and food safety found in Pakistan and estimation of foodborne illness. There has been no research study found in this field in Pakistan.Lack of food safety knowledge, attitude and practices of general public are associated with food poisoning and foodborne illness.Datawas collected through questionnaire Performa’s present in hard copy filled by interviews.Convenient based samples were collected from general public of city Lahore. A sample size of 1000 was collected. Targeted respondents were members of aged 18 or above who were at least 2 years resident of Lahore city. Datawas collected from all 9 towns of city Lahore.Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS window version 22.0 was used to analyze the data. Significance level was set at p-value <0.05 for analyses involving the test of significance. Chi square test of association was used to compare two variables.Our study shows results that demographic characteristics have antagonistic effects on foodborne illness such as education level and income but education level impacts the overall knowledge about food safety and its related practices among consumers. Results reflect that source of water, outdoor food and meat products are the major cause of foodborne illness in city Lahore. Our research showed association between drinking water & suffer in foodborne illness, p-value is lesser than α i.e. 0.000 < 0.05 which shows the results were significant. Similarly, significant relationship has been observed between suffer in foodborne illness and outdoor food, p-value is smaller than α such as 0.000 < 0.05. Evidently, results showed association between food commodity and foodborne illness, p-value is smaller than α such as 0.000 < 0.05 which shows the results were significant.Water is mainly used for drinking, cooking, washing and rinsing of dishes. We should improve our water supply system so sewage water and other hazardous chemicals not mix with drinking water. On the other hand we should improve hygiene conditions of our outdoor localities/restaurants services; we should buy food only from certified food facilities, also give proper training/education to food handlers, food manufacturers and food retailers to avoid risk of foodborne illness because food safety is a shared responsibility. Outbreak investigations and case-control studies of periodic cases can identify sources of infection and guide the development of specific prevention strategies. Henceforward we should improve our slaughtering techniques, animal husbandry techniques, meat storage and transportation techniques to eliminate the risk of salmonella, campylobacter and E.coli, also prevention of foodborne disease will increasingly depend on controlling contamination of feed and water consumed by the animals themselves. Foodborne illness of microbial origin is the most serious food safety problem..These data suggest a critical need for action that is focused on preventing disease transmission within the food service industry. Clinicians should report all suspected foodborne disease to public health authorities to ensure appropriate epidemiologic investigation.The results of the proposed study have provided a baseline data on food safety status in Pakistan and general public’s perception about food found in Pakistan. General public observations about Foodborne illness, health education, personal hygiene, environmental hygiene and food safety, all data helped to estimate foodborne illness in Lahore city by identifying which factor has influenced more on food safety and caused foodborne illness. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2626-T] (1).

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